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Media rules for school children

With media, children can learn, be creative, relax and have fun. It is important for children of primary school age and above to develop a conscious and increasingly independent approach to media. As parents, you are responsible for ensuring that media consumption does not get out of hand. Common rules for media use in the family are helpful.

Introduce fixed media rules

Children of primary school age need clear rules. They provide security and help them to use media consciously. Agree these together with your child:

  • Fixed media times: For younger children, fixed times can be set for the use of media. For example, computer game time only after homework or no video time just before bedtime. Perhaps you also have specific family times at home without digital devices.
  • Limited duration of use: It is difficult to make a concrete recommendation as to how much time a child of a certain age may spend with media. First, because every child is different and can handle media differently. Secondly, because media is used for very different purposes – for example, for learning, for shared entertainment or for distraction. For younger children, orientation in the form of daily media time is useful. Older children can learn to deal with a weekly quota.
  • Place of use: Arrange smartphone-free zones – for example, bedrooms or dining areas.
  • Age-appropriate media content: Establish with your child that they may only use age-appropriate content. Use the age ratings as a guide and look out for age-appropriate content that matches your child’s level of development.

Children accept rules better if they are allowed to help decide. Think together about what makes sense – and what happens if a rule is broken. A media usage agreement can help to record everything. Be careful not to use media bans as leverage.

Adapt the media rules to your child’s stage of development. From adolescence, for example, fixed media times can be gradually abolished. Nevertheless, there should be rules about which media may be used for which purposes, for example with their first smartphone. Accompaniment by parents is still important in adolescence. Talk to your child about his or her media use. Ask how and why it uses what and how it copes with it. Always be available if there are any problems.

Rules for computer games

Games are particularly fascinating for many children – but they also pose challenges. Establish clear rules forcomputergames together:

  • Play times: Arrange fixed playtimes and keep an eye on your child if they spend too much time playing games.
  • Contents: The desire to play games that are actually only intended for older teenagers often leads to tensions in the family. Only use games with an appropriate age rating – and ideally try them out yourself or play them together with your child.
  • Play environment: For younger children, the play area should not be the children’s room, but a shared space where you can easily keep an eye on what is being played.

Use technical support

Media time rules are often difficult to enforce – technical aids can help. Parental control functions in operating systems, settings in devices, apps and games as well as parental control apps help to comply with time limits and break times and to filter content. However, your child should gradually learn to put the smartphone or tablet aside by itself after the screen time is over. In this way, they practice and internalize a conscious approach to media.

Younger children should only install new apps and computer games together with their parents. As they get older, you can gradually give your child more responsibility and adjust the technical settings to suit their age.

“But the others are allowed…!”

Sooner or later, many parents hear: “Everyone else already has a smartphone/plays a console/may use TikTok!” Don’t let this put you under pressure. Children compare themselves, but every child is different. Explain your decisions to your child and involve them in an age-appropriate way. Your child will be increasingly influenced by friends at school age. It can help to talk to other parents and agree on common ground rules with classmates or friends.

Being a role model and enjoying media together

As a parent, you are an important guide for your child. Therefore, be aware of your role model function – also with regard to media use. Certain rules should apply to everyone. For example, you can agree that smartphones have no place at mealtimes or set up smartphone-free family days.

Instead of simply regulating media use, it is worth consciously creating shared media experiences. A weekly movie night with the family or listening to music together at the weekend strengthens family cohesion and at the same time offers opportunities to talk about content, discover media preferences and convey values.

News for children and teenagers

Events such as wars or natural disasters often dominate the news for days on end. Children are aware of these topics – through conversations at home, at school or via the internet. However, much of the information is difficult to understand or frightening. How can children be introduced to news in an age-appropriate way?

Introduce children to news

Children should learn to understand the world. But many news formats for adults are too complex or frightening. Images of violence or disasters can be overwhelming. In addition, “fake news” and political opinion making make it difficult to distinguish between fact and fiction.

Age-appropriate guidance is important. Parents can help to classify what they have seen – and select suitable, safe offers.

Child-friendly news in video format

There are numerous news formats on the internet especially for children – with simple language, clear explanations and without shocking images. Some children are even reporters themselves.

Recommended offers:

  • logo! (ZDF): The daily news program for children explains current topics in an understandable and child-friendly way. Available on television and online.
  • kindersache.de (German Children’s Fund): A participatory site with current texts on various topics explained in a child-friendly way.
  • duda.news (Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger): The children’s editorial team offers the latest news, animal ABC, lexicon and tips for children to join in.
  • ZDFtivi news specials: child-friendly explanatory videos on current topics such as the pandemic or conflicts.

The children’s search engine fragFINN.de helps to find trustworthy children’s offers. The search results are filtered and age-appropriate.

News for children as a podcast

Podcasts allow children to listen to news at their own pace – without scary images.

Recommended podcasts:

  • MausZoom (WDR): The mouse takes a topic and slowly zooms in – the more it zooms in, the more details come to light.
  • neuneinhalb (WDR): A socio-political reporter magazine for children and young people with exciting topics.
  • Children’s news (NDR Info): Weekly news overview for children aged 9 and over, explained in an understandable way.
  • logo! to go (ZDF): The podcast for the logo! program makes it possible to listen to the news on the go.
  • FINNgehört (fragFINN): A children’s news podcast with the game “Two truths, one lie” and exciting reports.

News formats for young people

Young people often obtain information via social networks such as YouTube, Instagram or TikTok. However, there is also a lot of misinformation and extreme opinions out there. Reputable services that take young people seriously and communicate on an equal footing are therefore particularly important:

  • funk (ARD/ZDF): The content network offers formats such as Deutschland3000, STRG_F and MrWissen2Go on various platforms.
  • nicetoknow (WDR): News on TikTok for young people aged 14 and over, produced with young people.
  • tagesschau (ARD) on Instagram: Short, well-explained contributions for young people.
  • mitmischen.de (German Bundestag): The youth portal offers information on politics and its own reports.

How parents can provide support

Even child-friendly news can be unsettling. Some children are curious, others are quickly worried. It’s not just the offer that matters, but also the conversation:

  • Talk about what you have seen: ask what your child has understood and explain openly what has happened.
  • Watch or listen together: This way you can help to categorize content – especially with difficult topics.
  • Take fears seriously: Children cannot always tell whether something is far away or threatening to them.
  • Explain what false reports are: Show how to check sources and why not everything online is true.
  • Let young people have their say: talk about social media, news channels and influencers – and learn together.

Podcasts for teenagers

They have been around since the turn of the millennium – but they have only become an integral part of everyday life in recent years, especially since the coronavirus pandemic: podcasts. Almost half of people in Germany regularly listen to podcasts – young people even more than adults. Many formats are aimed specifically at young people, others more at adults.

What is a podcast?

Podcasts are audio broadcasts that you can listen to or subscribe to online – similar to radio broadcasts, but more flexible: you can listen to them anytime and anywhere. The name is made up of “pod” (playable on demand) and “cast” (broadcast).

In addition to classic audio podcasts, there are also video podcasts or formats that combine both. Most podcasts appear regularly in series form – with a fixed topic, such as sport, culture or news. Sometimes the episodes are self-contained, sometimes they build on each other.

Podcasts are in trend

Audio formats are practical: they are easy to listen to on the go and can quickly relieve boredom. There are podcasts in which people talk casually about their everyday lives or “God and the world” – and others that deal specifically with certain topics. Many young people like podcasts because they are both entertaining and informative. Listening to podcasts often creates the feeling of being particularly close to the podcasters – especially when they talk about personal things. This sometimes has a similar effect to influencers on social media.

There are many podcasts that are deliberately made for young people and are dedicated to youth topics. Often, the “hosts” (i.e. the people who lead through the podcast) are very much in the foreground. Young people then listen not only because of the content, but above all because of the person, for example when influencers have their own podcasts. Podcasts such as “Dick & Doof“, “Hobbylos” or “Gemischtes Hack” are very popular with young people. But true crime podcasts are also popular, i.e. formats in which real criminal cases are told, such as in “Mordlust” or “ZEIT Verbrechen“.

What should parents pay attention to?

Unlike videos or games, podcasts do not yet have to be labeled with an age rating in order to protect minors. Labelling has long been considered, but the sheer number of podcasts makes it difficult to implement. So anyone can produce and publish a podcast – with any content. Therefore, regularly ask what podcasts your child listens to and find out about them.

Another point: Many podcasts contain advertising – it is often spoken directly by the hosts and is not always clearly recognizable. Advertising can have an influence, especially on young people. Many podcasts are financed by advertising.

In addition, platforms such as Spotify, Apple Podcasts or Deezer automatically suggest new content based on listening behavior. Not all suggested formats are age-appropriate. Keep a watchful eye – or discover suitable content together with your child.

Listening recommendations for teenagers

Podcasts aimed specifically at young people are usually ad-free, have an age recommendation and deal with topics that interest young people. But there are definitely podcasts that don’t have a specific age recommendation, but are still well suited for teens. Here are a few tips:

  • Where’s the pressure? – Recommended for ages 13 and up, available via various platforms (including Spotify and Podimo): Two actresses from the youth series DRUCK talk about their personal experiences with first love, annoying parents and bullying. Although there have been no new episodes since 2020, the old ones are still popular.
  • Heinefunk – recommended from the age of 11, available via various platforms (including Apple Podcast and Spotify): The podcast of a grammar school can also be exciting, because here pupils themselves have their say. It’s about current school life, which can also be interesting for outsiders – or the suggestion to set up your own school podcast.
  • TWEEN Screen – recommended from the age of 11; available via ARD Audiothek and Podimo: The youth podcast from MDR deals with the topic of media use and answers questions from young users.
  • Podcast to join in – recommended from the age of 14, available via ARD Audiothek and Spotify: “Schreib mich ab” is not just an exciting crime story, but an interactive podcast experience. Young listeners can help determine how the story develops via the podcast’s Instagram profile.
  • Listen, feel, understand – recommended for ages 12 and up, available via many portals (including Spotify): Four young presenters invite exciting guests and talk about everything that moves them. Everyday life and exceptional situations, nutrition, politics, taboos. “How we feel” is exciting to listen to and to sort out yourself and your own feelings.
  • Aha effect to go – recommended for ages 12 and up, available via their website and Spotify, among others: a journalist and six dedicated young people get to the bottom of topics that have always interested them and research topics such as black holes, self-driving cars and oat milk. “The Science Reporters” is concentrated knowledge by and for young people.
  • Always well informed – recommended from the age of 9 or 14, e.g. in the ARD Audiothek & Spotify: There are plenty of good news podcasts for children and young people. For example, the NDR children’s news, which presents the latest news for children aged 9 and over every week, or “0630“, where the presenters summarize the most important news from around the world every morning in a concise, informative and understandable way for young people aged 14 and over.

You can find more tips for podcasts for young people at Webhelm and the city magazine Känguru.

Protection of minors online – The role of the German Association for Voluntary Self-Regulation of Digital Media Service Providers (FSM)

Children and young people are growing up in a digital world in which they come into contact with online media on a daily basis. Clear rules and effective protective measures are essential to enable them to use the internet safely. The German Association for Voluntary Self-Regulation of Digital Media Service Providers (FSM e.V.) plays a central role here. We explain how the FSM shapes youth media protection and why it is so important for parents.

Who is the FSM?

The FSM is a self-regulatory body recognized by the Commission for the Protection of Minors in the Media (KJM) in the area of youth media protection. It is committed to protecting children and young people from online content that is harmful to minors and supports digital media providers in the implementation of youth protection measures. It works closely with many other institutions in the field – in Germany and internationally.

Tasks of the FSM

The FSM pursues the goal of ensuring effective youth media protection in digital offerings. Its main tasks:

  • Complaints office for problematic content: Users can use the FSM complaints office to report online content that is prohibited by law or harmful to minors. This includes, for example, violent, pornographic or extremist content. The FSM examines each complaint individually and takes action in the event of violations – either by cooperating with the providers concerned or by forwarding them to the authorities. The report can be submitted via an online complaint form on the FSM website.
  • Self-regulation and age classification: As a recognized self-regulator under the Interstate Treaty on the Protection of Minors in the Media (JMStV), the FSM supports companies in making their content suitable for young people. This includes, for example, the age rating of content, the development of technical youth protection solutions (e.g. youth protection programs such as JusProg) and advice on legal requirements. Digital platforms and media providers that join the FSM benefit from the opportunity to have their own protection measures tested and certified by the FSM.
  • Media education and information: The FSM is committed to media education in order to inform parents, teachers and children about risks on the internet. It provides practical materials, organizes events and cooperates with initiatives such as klicksafe and fragFINN. One example is our Elternguide.online project, which offers special guides and tools for parents.

The FSM in the system of youth media protection

The FSM is part of the system of regulated self-regulation in Germany. It works closely with other self-regulatory bodies such as the USK (Entertainment Software Self-Regulation), the FSK (Voluntary Self-Regulation of the Film Industry) and the FSF (Voluntary Self-Regulation of Television). In this way, the self-regulatory bodies promote cooperation between companies, authorities and politicians for the effective protection of minors in the media.

Challenges in the digital protection of minors

The digital protection of minors is a dynamic field that constantly presents new challenges:

  • New technologies: The FSM has to deal with developments such as artificial intelligence (e.g. deep fakes) or new online platforms. New media phenomena require new approaches to the protection of minors.
  • Limits of self-regulation: The FSM reaches its limits when it comes to content on foreign servers. It works closely with international partners in the fight against online abuse.

Why is the FSM important for parents?

It is often difficult for parents to assess what content on the Internet is suitable for their children. The FSM offers support to ensure that youth media protection reaches families:

  • Parental control programs: These help parents to restrict access to unsuitable content.
  • Information services: Projects such as Elternguide.online offer practical and valuable tips on safe media use.
  • Complaint options: Parents can report problematic content directly.

More information is available directly on the FSM website: www.fsm.de

Seitenstark – in search of inspiration

Are you or your child looking for high-quality and child-friendly child-friendly online offers? Then Seitenstark just the right thing! The platform is a network of certified children’s sites that provide educationally valuable content. Your child can surf, discover and learn safely here.

In a nutshell:

  • Network of over 60 children’s sites
  • Children and parents or teachers can get information and inspiration
  • High standards of quality and protection of children and young people from harmful media

What is Seitenstark?

Seitenstark.de is a children’s website that lists and presents a variety of child-friendly websites. The sites offer content on various topics. Whether nature and technology, music and film, art and culture or politics and religion – children will find lots of exciting content here and can learn new things in a fun way.

Many of the pages presented are linked to the site strength-seal of approval. The seal stands for high-quality, ad-free and safe internet services that are specially tailored to the needs of children. Sites with this seal offer trustworthy, verified content and protect the privacy of young users.

What fascinates children in particular?

On Seitenstark going digital is easy and fun. In the Link-Clips places Seitenstark The mascot Starky accompanies the children as they surf the Internet and provides them with other topics in addition to the children’s pages. The mascot Starky accompanies the children while surfing and presents other topics in addition to the children’s pages, such as Children’s rights. In the category Join in! children get exciting ideas and tips for creating media themselves. Those who Games you get access to child-friendly game collections and entertaining analog and digital game tips. Under the tab Fit on the Internet the character Charlie provides important information about safety on the Internet. Your child will learn more about the Internet in general, about Fake news and data protection and answers to frequently asked questions.

What does the provider say?

The Seitenstark e. V. association forms the organizational basis of the open Seitenstark-network. As a non-profit organization and recognized sponsor of independent youth welfare, the association is committed to high-quality and safe children’s media. Its members come from the fields of children’s media, media education and educational work. All information about the association, the seal of approval and tips on media education can be found in the Area for parents and teachers.

What should parents pay attention to?

When you gradually release your child more independently into the world of the Internet, he or she should already have learned a few rules and have safe places to go to find offers suitable for children. Therefore Seitenstark a great opportunity.

The website is divided into a children’s section and a section for parents and teachers. You can let your child surf alone in the children’s area with a clear conscience, which will give them self-confidence and help them develop their skills. Media competence promotes. However, you should always bear in mind that the discussed media usage times are adhered to and you remain in contact with your child.

Make use of Seitenstark as a contact point for discovering new topics together and imparting knowledge in a playful way. With Seitenstark children can use the Internet safely and sensibly – a great opportunity for you as parents to accompany your child in their digital learning. And you can also find out more yourself on the site.

Rules for media use in the family

“Just one more round!” or “Leon can watch TV much longer!” – Many parents are familiar with phrases like these. But how much media time is actually okay? Which media is suitable for my child? And at what age does it make sense for them to have their own smartphone? Fixed rules can help to find answers to these questions. However, they can also lead to conflicts. We have a few tips and background information on setting media rules in the family.

Why are rules important?

Rules are not there to enforce the will of parents, but to provide structure and guidance. They help to promote your child’s media skills and reduce the risk of problems caused by inappropriate use of media. As parents, you have the responsibility to combine the fun of media with a conscious approach. You are often better at assessing dangers than your child.

It is important that your child understands the rules and can follow them. It is best to develop the rules together with your child. This will make your child realize that their opinion counts and it will be easier for them to accept the rules. Explain to your child why certain rules are important and why they should be followed. If rules are not clearly formulated or are interpreted differently, your child will find it difficult to follow them. Another crucial point is that you as parents are role models – this means that you should follow the same rules yourself.

How should rules be designed?

Which rules make sense depends on the age of your child and on how you and your child generally deal with media. This is not the same in every family.

The younger your child is, the more you should keep an eye on his or her media use. Young children need close supervision and should not spend too much time with media. Choose age-appropriate content, limit the duration of use and decide on suitable devices. Even if your child is still small, you can explain to them why certain content or times are chosen. Depending on their stage of development, children of kindergarten age can also be involved in simple decisions. From elementary school age, your child gets many new impressions and influences. They still need a lot of guidance, which is why clear, jointly developed rules are very important. You can now better talk to your child about content and let him or her have a say. This way, your child feels taken seriously and learns to take responsibility. From secondary school and adolescence onwards, you should trust your child to be more independent and support them in using media in an increasingly self-determined and self-regulated way. Young people usually approach digital media openly, but they are often not yet able to properly assess the risks. That’s why you are still important as a guide and contact person!

The following applies to all age groups: media usage rules must be sensible and flexible.

Setting rules together

To help your child understand how to use media, it makes sense to draw up the rules together – for example in the form of a media usage contract. Such a contract makes the rules transparent and comprehensible for everyone. Exceptions can also be formulated. If your child can help shape the rules themselves, it will be easier for them to stick to them. Check regularly whether the rules still make sense or need to be adjusted if necessary.

Just as important as media-related rules are “media-free” rules – such as not using smartphones during a family meal or conversation. Such rules promote interpersonal communication and strengthen the family bond.

Media time and media-free time

A frequent topic is the question: How much media time is healthy? When is it too much? The answer depends very much on the age and individual needs of your child. The rule of thumb is: the younger, the less!

One approach to regulating media time in everyday life is the use of media vouchers. These can help children of primary school age and above to independently allocate a weekly budget of media time. This gives your child responsibility for their media use without you having to constantly intervene.

It is important that your child has a varied daily routine, uses media in different ways, but also has media-free experiences.

Media content and device selection

Not only the use of media, but also the choice of content should be part of the family rules. Make sure that media content is age-appropriate and corresponds to your child’s interests. In addition to television and apps, media consumption also includes radio plays, books and music. It makes sense to include these in the rules as well.

Take into account that the content of media use varies greatly, as do the motives and needs of use. A game for mere entertainment may be weighted differently than learning with media. Discuss qualitative differences with your child. Be sure to include age-appropriate content as well.

The question of the right age for the first smartphone concerns many parents. If necessary, talk to the parents of your child’s friends and consider whether certain rules can apply to everyone.

Security settings and technical support

Another important topic is the security settings for devices and apps. Many smartphones and tablets now offer the option of controlling access to certain content and limiting its use. These should always be discussed with your child. Settings such as screen time limits, age ratings and app filters can help to control media use.

However, these technical aids are no substitute for parental guidance. They should also not be used purely for control. Your child needs trust and the opportunity to gradually take responsibility for their own media use. Explanations from you and conversations about media make a significant contribution to your child learning how to use media competently.

Rules may vary depending on the child’s age and stage of development. On the one hand, stay consistent, otherwise they will not serve their purpose. At the same time, if possible, do not use the rules as a punishment or reward.

Too old for children’s sites – too young for adult offerings

Too old for the children’s program, but still too young for the social media world? There is a time when your child doesn’t really know his place. It’s somewhere between childhood and adolescence. This affects many of the so-called “pre-teens”, the approximately 9-12 year olds. They are in a transition phase, which is also reflected in their media usage.

For younger children, there are many age-appropriate offerings such as children’s apps, radio plays and children’s programs. As children get older, they are often no longer so interested in these – and turn directly to the adult world of media. The jump is quite big and the offer can still partly overwhelm your child.

An important developmental phase for your child

At the onset of puberty, your child is on the cusp of becoming an adolescent. In some things it still behaves childlike, in others it already wants to separate itself from you. It is increasingly oriented to elders and to people, trends and ideas outside the family. As a result, there is less and less interest in children’s media.

During this phase, many children get their first smartphone and immerse themselves more and more independently in the world of online media. They have their first experiences in online games and on social media platforms. They follow stars such as influencers and streamers, interact with other users and develop their own identity. Pre-teens often lack an understanding of how to handle their own data or challenges such as communication risks online.

What you should pay attention to as a parent

Whether your child still wants to watch children’s programs or is already interested in computer games, social media or TV shows for older children – support your child according to their stage of development and give them the time they need.

Gradually, you should relinquish control and support your child in being able to use media independently, safely and responsibly. Although your child has already gained some experience, he or she will still approach many things with an open mind, which means that they can easily come into contact with content that is harmful to minors online. Your child’s curiosity and desire to increasingly set themselves apart from adults will also lead them to seek out provocative content. Nevertheless, as parents, you still have an important role to play in providing guidance during the transition phase. Always talk to your child and ask about their media experiences.

Offers for the transition phase

Finding offers for pre-teens is not that easy and not every child will be interested. For computer games and films, there are age ratings from the Voluntary Self-Regulation Body. They indicate whether the content is unproblematic for development from a certain age. If you take a closer look, there are media offerings tailored to children in the transition phase both in traditional media and online.

Here are a few recommendations:

  • Films, series and video clips: Our article on educational film recommendations presents various film portals. One example is Flimmothe program guide for parents. Here you will also find educational assessments of popular channels on YouTube, TikTok and Instagram.
  • Games: The NRW games guide has taken a close look at many computer games and game apps and rated them pedagogically. You can search for suitable games for your child here.
  • Podcasts: Whether audio stories or cultural talk – podcasts are very much in vogue. In two articles, we present recommended podcasts for children and young people.
  • Search engines: In the article Search engines for children and young people, we present children’s search engines such as fragFINN for example. We explain how children can use adult search engines safely with the help of parental control filters.
  • Info platforms: Hanisauland actively and playfully introduces children and young people to politics. Handysektor deals with young people’s media issues and addresses them directly in clips and articles. Juuuport informs young users about online risks and offers free digital advice.
  • Online communities: Knipsclub is a photo community that offers a safe introduction to the world of social media. On kindersache registered users can contribute their own videos, jokes and stories.

You should also allow your child to take advantage of offerings that are not specifically for children. Find out about programs and content in advance. When you watch a movie, play a game or surf the Internet together as a family, your child has the opportunity to ask questions and you can see how he or she copes with certain content.

Youth and media: Insights from the JIM Study 2024

The JIM Study (Youth, Information, Media) 2024 provides exciting insights into the media use of young people (aged 12 to 19) in Germany. It is conducted every year by the Media Education Research Association Southwest. Here we summarize the most important results for parents and give tips on how they can support their children.

How long are young people online?

In 2024, young people will spend an average of 201 minutes online per day – this is less than in 2023 (224 minutes) and the lowest figure since 2016. Many young people now enjoy consciously spending time without their smartphone: 60% say that they regularly take such breaks. Nevertheless, the smartphone remains the most important device: 96% of young people use it every day. They write messages, watch videos, use social media or do research for school.

Popular platforms

  • WhatsApp is the most used app with 96 percent.
  • Instagram and YouTube follow with around 60 percent regular use.
  • TikTok is being used less than in the previous year, while new apps such as BeReal are slowly gaining popularity.

Social media also plays a role in the search for information: 37% of young people find out about current topics on platforms such as Instagram or TikTok. However, 63% specifically avoid news because they are bothered by negative reports.

Artificial intelligence (AI) in everyday life

AI tools such as ChatGPT are becoming increasingly popular: 62% of young people have already used them, especially for school (65%). Functions in apps such as Google Assistant or Snapchat AI are also popular. Young people use these not only for learning, but also for creative projects or hobbies.

Leisure and hobbies

Despite digital media, face-to-face meetings and sport remain important: 65% of young people regularly meet friends or play sport. Younger teenagers spend more time with their families, while older teenagers often organize their free time themselves – for example with hobbies or volunteering. Leisure activities are increasingly accompanied by digital media, e.g. gaming and online tutorials.

Problematic content and security

Problems such as fake news, cyberbullying and contact with problematic content are omnipresent. 61% of young people report encounters with fake news, while extremist and offensive content is perceived as particularly distressing. These challenges underline the need to promote media literacy. Schools and parents can play a key role by teaching the critical use of information and the importance of digital security

What should parents pay attention to?

  • Open communication: Have regular open conversations with your child about their online activities and experiences.
  • Promote media literacy: Help your child to question content critically and navigate the internet safely.
  • Balanced media use: Help your child to find a healthy balance between online and offline activities.
  • Raise security awareness: Make your child aware of data protection and the risks of disclosing personal information.

In addition to this article, we also offer in-depth insights into the media use of young children with the miniKIM study and the media habits of children with the KIM Study 2022. The results and further information on the JIM Study 2024 can be found in detail on the website of the Medienpädagogischer Forschungsverbund Südwest.

Media literacy – what does that actually mean?

Digital media enrich our everyday lives in many different ways: Music programs at the breakfast table, navigation apps on the go or chats for organizing leisure activities. (Screen) devices help us to learn, to work and are often fun. No wonder they have become an integral part of our everyday lives, whether at home or in public spaces.

However, with the growing importance of media, the ability to use them responsibly and competently is also becoming increasingly important. Today, media literacy is just as essential as reading, writing or arithmetic in order to be able to navigate the modern world safely and successfully. Anyone who does not know how to use media in a targeted and considered way can quickly run into difficulties. But what exactly does media literacy mean?

What does media literacy involve?

Being media literate means more than just being able to operate a device. Although this is part of it, at its core it is about the conscious and responsible use of content. This includes the following aspects:

  • Conscious use of media content: Media literacy means choosing which content to use. This means, for example, searching for specific information and being able to distinguish between credible sources and fake news. It also means avoiding content that could be harmful. Or consciously deciding how much time you want to spend with media in order to avoid stress.
  • Navigate and communicate safely: To use media safely, it is important to know the rules, prohibitions and dangers. Anyone who is active on social networks must know how to treat others with consideration, must protect and respect their own and others’ data and privacy – and should be able to assess and avoid scams such as phishing or data theft, as well as behavior such as cyberbullying.
  • Active and creative media use: Competent media use also means using media actively and creatively instead of just passively consuming content. This means, for example, researching, learning new things and using media at school, at work or privately. It means using new technologies such as AI-based services where they help – but also knowing their limits. And it means using media for enriching experiences.

Those who are media literate know why and how they use media, can recognize negative effects and counteract them, while positive aspects are specifically promoted.

Why is media literacy important?

The call for “more media literacy” is often directed at children and young people. This is understandable, as they will shape the world of tomorrow. We may not know this world yet, but it will be heavily influenced by media, especially the internet.

You can imagine the internet as a city: There are playgrounds and nice stores, but also traffic and strangers. Parents don’t just send their young children off on their own, they accompany them, explain the rules and show them what to look out for. This is exactly how it should be on the Internet. Accompany your child as they explore the digital world.

Developing media literacy is a joint task from the very beginning – in the family, at nursery and at school. The younger the child, the more responsibility parents have and the more they act as role models. As they get older, children and young people can and should be allowed to have their own experiences – including with their own devices. Common rules and an open discussion are helpful here.

Media literacy – a task for all generations

Media literacy is not a “children’s game”, it is just as important for adults! Parents who want to help their children use media responsibly need to be media literate themselves. Only those who understand digital technologies and platforms can provide guidance and act as role models. You should therefore actively engage with digital topics – through joint projects with your children, exchanges with other parents or further training courses in schools and education centers. Teachers are also called upon to strengthen their own media skills in order to pass on this knowledge. Helpful information can be found, for example, in ARD programs such as “Gemeinsam Medienkompetenz stärken“.

In addition, working people and older people also benefit from better media skills. Professional development and digital work processes often require new skills. For senior citizens, media offer numerous opportunities, such as contact with grandchildren via video chats. If you want to test your own media skills, you can find out with a self-test.

Media education in the first years of life 

“Mom, can I watch a video?” or “I want to play on the tablet, Dad!” – media is fascinating even for young children and has long been part of their everyday lives. But how much media use is appropriate in the first few years of life? How can parents introduce their children to media in an age-appropriate way and show them how to use it consciously?

Introduce young children to media slowly

Babies and toddlers are primarily concerned with discovering their environment with all their senses. Developmental steps such as eating, walking and speaking are the main focus. Their interest in media such as smartphones or tablets usually only grows through their parents’ example. Children learn by imitation, so it is important that parents are aware of their role as role models. Targeted, active media use, such as looking at a picture book together or a video call with grandparents, can be valuable and should be accompanied.

Suitable media for young children

Simple offers are ideal in the first year of life. Music, radio plays or children’s radio, for example, can have a calming effect and offer a playful introduction to the world of media. Picture books and audio boxes promote understanding and are designed to be age-appropriate. However, rapidly changing images and sounds can overstrain a child’s brain, so it is advisable to be sensitive when dealing with moving images. Children are not able to understand filmed stories until they are about three years old. However, your child may already be watching series on the tablet together with older children. Accompany your child and pay attention to how your child reacts to content and intervene if necessary.

Media in the kindergarten years

From around the age of three, children begin to understand simple stories better. Many children enjoy content with familiar favorite characters such as Peppa Wutz or Fireman Sam. Child-friendly apps and games that support creativity and initial learning are a good way for children to become active with media themselves. Parents should also be there to answer questions or provide support in case of uncertainty. If you and your child are already familiar with certain content, they can listen to an audio story on their own and watch an episode of their favorite series without you sitting next to them.

Why media fascinate

Media offer access to exciting stories and exciting worlds that appeal to children’s need for exploration and imagination. They support learning and interaction with others. Especially at kindergarten age, the shared experience provides support and creates topics of conversation with peers.

Being a role model right from the start

Children learn by observing and imitating what their caregivers do. Parents are also the most important role models when it comes to media use. What media children come into contact with and how present media are in their everyday lives ultimately depends on their environment and therefore, crucially, on their family. Put the smartphone aside when playing with your child. Enjoy time with your child and take time outs from the screen. Model a conscious and reflective approach to media.

And remember: children also have personal rights. Ask your child, if they are old enough, whether they agree to you sending photos of them via Messenger and, if possible, do not post any photos of children online.

Age-appropriate and conscious use of media

  • Select age-appropriate content: Pay attention to the age markings on films, apps and games. Check content via portals such as FLIMMO or the NRW games guide. Be aware that age ratings from the USK, FSK etc. serve to protect minors and are not educational recommendations.
  • Activate safety measures: Parental controls on apps and devices help to avoid unwanted content. Block in-app purchases and set up age-appropriate profiles to protect your child from harmful content. Use the settings options for media offerings and make your devices childproof.
  • Experience together: Use media consciously and sparingly and expand the range slowly. Pay attention to the screen time. Share media as much as possible and observe how your child responds to it.
  • Create rules and rituals: Media times and rules are important to create a clear structure. Introduce rules early on. A short clip to relax after kindergarten, a radio play to go to sleep – such rituals provide orientation. In special situations, such as long car rides or hospitalization, other rules may apply. That’s all right!
  • Reflect on your own behavior: Children learn by example. Put the smartphone aside more often when you play with your child and show them that there are more important things than the screen.
  • Show interest: Show an interest in your child’s media world. Talk to your child about what they have experienced and help them to classify media content correctly.
  • Get active together: draw something together on the tablet, create funny photos and videos or compose music with apps. Have fun with media together!

Introducing: AUDIYOUkids – Stories to listen to and join in

Solve audio puzzles, set a story to music yourself or put together a radio play – it’s all possible on AUDIYOUkids! Children will find lots of stories to listen to and join in with, e.g. an audio walk or a karaoke game. Parents will find instructions and tips to make sure everything goes well.

In a nutshell:

  • Radio plays to join in
  • Instructions and exercises for producing your own radio plays
  • Free and ad-free use

What is AUDIYOUkids?

AUDIYOUkids invites children into a world of sounds and listening. The website is divided into four different areas. On the “audio walk”, children can choose between different worlds such as “Coast” or “Haunted castle” and discover the places with their ears. They choose the route themselves with the help of sounds, can follow it with puzzle cards to print out and see whether they have discovered all the sounds.
With “Cartoons”, children can help a magician perform magic. The result can be saved and downloaded with microphone access. With the help of parents, even kindergarten children can try their hand here.
In the “Karaoke” section, children can take part in the production of a radio play and play a role. This also requires a computer with a microphone, otherwise the text passages can only be spoken but not recorded. The results can also be downloaded at the end.
AUDIYOUkids states on its website that the data is strictly protected in terms of data protection and will not be made accessible to others. Registration is not necessary.

The “Cartoon” and “Karaoke” sections are also suitable for younger primary school children with supervision, while the “Your audio projects” section is more complex but all the more creative. Here, children will find a child-friendly introduction to producing their own radio plays. In addition to a computer and microphone, a program for editing audio tracks is a technical requirement. The website recommends the free Audacity program to set up a small, functioning recording studio on your own computer. There is an introduction to radio play production and the Audacity program, and further playful exercises prepare children for producing their own radio play. The materials are recommended on the website for children from 4th grade upwards. Some of the radio plays are only suitable for children from Year 5 upwards. To create your own audio projects, you do not need Internet access after downloading the desired materials.

What should parents pay attention to?

AUDIYOUkids offers children the opportunity to immerse themselves in the world of audio drama and become creative in the process. When creating their own audio projects, primary school children in particular need support at first, such as setting up the Audacity program and understanding its functions. Therefore, accompany younger children in particular when using the website. Creating your own small audio projects can also be a great way to get creative together with your child. If sounds and music are needed for your own radio play, you can browse AUDIYOU with your child for noises and sounds.

When producing your own audio projects, it’s easy to forget the time, so make sure you have a screen-free balance and exercise.

This article is part of the “Parents’ tips on children’s participation platforms” project, which is part of the “Child-friendly digital services and orientation measures” program of the Federal Agency for Child and Youth Protection in the Media (BzKJ) and realised by JFF – Institute for Media Education in Research and Practice and the German Association for Voluntary Self-Regulation of Digital Media Service Providers (FSM e.V.).

Introducing: HanisauLand – Politics for children, simply explained

On the HanisauLand.de internet portal, children between the ages of 8 and 14 are introduced to the world of politics in an age-appropriate and playful way. They can share and discuss their opinions in a moderated participation area.

In a nutshell:

  • Internet portal for children aged 8 to 14 years of the Federal Agency for Civic Education
  • Complex content from politics and society presented in an age-appropriate way
  • Games and comics that provide a playful introduction to the world of politics
  • Children can share and discuss their opinions in a moderated area

What is HanisauLand?

There is a lot for children to discover in HanisauLand and they also learn about democracy through play: In the comic series, rabbits, hippos and sows build a democracy together – HanisauLand. There are lots of games and quizzes as well as book and movie tips for children to browse through. In the “Calendar” section, important political and historical events are presented alongside famous personalities. In the “Special” section, topics from politics, history, togetherness and religions are taken up and presented in a vivid way.

Children can also participate in many areas and help shape HanisauLand: In the lexicon, not only are political terms explained for children, but children can also submit unknown terms and questions. In the “Your opinion” section, children can discuss children’s rights topics such as “cell phone ban in schools” or “voting rights for young people”. They receive background information and are then invited to contribute their opinions and discuss them together. They can also contact the editorial team with their concerns and questions under “Post”.

No e-mail address is required to participate, a fantasy name is sufficient. All contributions will be checked by the editorial team before publication, personal data or insults and abuse will be deleted.
HanisauLand is a great way for children to learn more about living together in a democracy and about rules on the Internet. Even the legal notice and privacy policy are formulated in a special version for children.

What should parents pay attention to?

The editors of HanisauLand create and check all content for children aged 8 to 14. If links from the website lead to other pages, children are made aware of this and must confirm once again that they wish to leave the website. Nevertheless, it is important, especially with younger children, that you accompany your child, particularly when using the site for the first time. Make sure that your child can only access age-appropriate content. Setting options on the device or in apps also help here. Also make sure that the agreed media usage times with your child are adhered to and stay in contact with your child.

This article is part of the “Parents’ tips on children’s participation platforms” project, which is part of the “Child-friendly digital services and orientation measures” program of the Federal Agency for Child and Youth Protection in the Media (BzKJ) and realised by JFF – Institute for Media Education in Research and Practice and the German Association for Voluntary Self-Regulation of Digital Media Service Providers (FSM e.V.).

Introducing: Internet ABC – Playing, learning and communicating for children

With the Internet ABC children learn to navigate the Internet independently and safely through playful learning modules. Parents and teachers can find lots of tips and support for the media education of primary school children in separate sub-sections.

In a nutshell:

  • Information and learning platform for topics related to the Internet
  • for children from 5 to 12 years
  • Extra area to have your say and join in
  • free of charge and free of advertising

What is the Internet ABC?

Internet ABC helps children of primary school age to gradually learn how to use the Internet safely. Here you will find interactive learning modules on topics such as chats, data protection and research, while varied exercises, puzzles and tasks bring complex content closer in a child-friendly and clear way. Animal companions guide children through the four subject areas “Learning School”, “Hobby Leisure”, “Fun Games” and “Join in Have a Say”. A comprehensive lexicon explains online terms such as posting and spam.

Internet ABC enables children to learn the basics of using the Internet safely on their own. The games and puzzles are fun and the website is updated regularly. Children can test their knowledge and obtain a “driver’s license for the Internet” with the so-called surfing certificate. A short online course to understand the technical basics and how to use a PC, notebook and tablet can be found in the Computer ABC.

In the join-in area, children can create pictures, write in the forum, take part in surveys or comment on the joke of the month and exchange ideas with each other. The comments are first checked for insults or private information and only then activated.
The service is also aimed at parents and educational professionals and supports them in teaching media skills on the Internet. In addition to tips and explanations, there is concrete assistance such as the media usage contract.

The Internet ABC provider of the same name is an association whose members include all 14 state media authorities in Germany. Internet-ABC does not use advertising, is free of charge and explains exactly what data is collected from users and what happens to it.

What should parents pay attention to?

Independent media use is important for children and promotes media literacy. Services such as Internet ABC enable children to participate in the Internet and help you to teach your child how to use it responsibly. Such services are therefore a useful addition to their media education at home.
Even if children can navigate independently on sites such as Internet ABC, it is important that you initially discover the Internet together with your children and are there to help with questions and problems. For example, the website warns against leaving Internet ABC when clicking on links. Nevertheless, your child may come across unsuitable content on other websites. Therefore, talk to your child and accompany him or her as often as possible when using media. Protection programs such as JusProg, which block age-inappropriate content, are also helpful.
Equally important are common rules and time limits within which your child can navigate the internet alone. You can get tips and help with media education via the Internet ABC website or other offers and stay informed about current phenomena and topics. In addition, the exchange with other parents can be helpful.

This article is part of the “Parents’ tips on children’s participation platforms” project, which is funded under the “Child-friendly digital services and orientation measures” program of the Federal Agency for the Child and Youth Protection in the Media (BzKJ) and realised by JFF – Institute for Media Research and Media Education and the German Association for Voluntary Self-Regulation of Digital Media Service Providers (FSM e.V.).

JUUUPORT – First aid for young people with problems on the Internet

Whether it’s cyberbullying, computer game addiction or data protection, young people can quickly, easily and free of charge contact the young scouts and experts at JUUUPORT turn. Young people can now also find a reporting form for problematic online content on the website.

Advice from experienced young people at eye level

When young people have problems or questions, they sometimes find it difficult to talk to their parents or other adults, especially about sensitive topics such as cyberbullying or sexting. That’s why JUUUPORT has youth scouts who have experienced something similar and can advise other youth. They have undergone special training on Internet topics and in the areas of psychology and law and can be requested anonymously. If they don’t know what to do, the young people’s concerns are passed on to adult experts who then take care of them.

Various contact and information channels

JUUUPORT offers online counseling by young people for young people, supported by the association JUUUPORT e. V. On juuuport.de counseling is free, anonymous and complies with data protection regulations. In addition to the contact form on the website, there is also the option of contacting us via WhatsApp to get advice. The scouts will reply within two days. In the “Your questions” section, you can find answers from the scouts to common problems faced by young people.

The JUUUPORT website also contains a wide range of information on Internet topics. In addition to a guide on how to deal with online dangers such as cyberbullying, media addiction or sexual harassment, there is also up-to-date information on various topics such as artificial intelligence and fake news. JUUUPORT also offers a collection of links to other contact points for young people.

Young people can also use a separate reporting form to report things that do not belong online, such as violent videos, extremism or hate speech. The internet complaints offices FSM, eco and jugendschutz.net then deal with these complaints.

JUUUPORT is active on the social media platforms YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, TikTok and X active. Here, the scouts share photos, videos and information about the advisory services and current media topics.

JUUUPORT also offers free online seminars for schools, youth clubs and associations. Topics here include “Hate on the Net” and “WhatsApp Stress.” Perhaps there is a need for a seminar at your child’s school or you would like to draw attention to the offer with information material.

Try it out and join in

Tell your child about JUUUPORT – perhaps there are topics that they would rather discuss anonymously with other young people than with you. If your child would like to get involved with JUUUPORT themselves and become a scout, they can sign up for training here.

Parents as role models for media use

You are sitting with your children having dinner together and talking, when suddenly your cell phone rings. How do you behave? Do you let family time get in the way?

Such situations probably exist in every family. Actually, it was agreed that the smartphone has no place during the meal. But if it rings mom’s bell, she may think it’s important and answer it anyway. But the rules should apply to everyone, right?

Learning through observation

Be aware that parents and other adults have an important guidance function for children. Children learn from you how the world works and how to behave in certain situations. Your behavior therefore has a major impact on how your child uses media themselves. By setting an example of what a conscious approach to media can look like, you support your child in learning to use the smartphone and other media independently, sensibly and responsibly.

As young people get older, they also orient themselves more and more to their peers in their media use, and your influence as parents diminishes.

Be a good role model and set rules together

Perhaps your family also sometimes gets into arguments about media use, for example, when your child reaches for the smartphone out of boredom. They think it would be better if they read a book or played with friends instead. Just think about what you do yourself in your free time. Do you watch series in the media library or sometimes just play games on your cell phone? It’s not just about what media you use, but how often, in what situations, and what content.

You might consider what that looks like for each family member. How much time does each person spend with media and with other things? Is the ratio is okay for you. Agree with your family on rules about media time and cell phone-free times. For this purpose, you can, for example, jointly create a media usage agreement. Or use an app that lets you keep track of time on your screen. Often there is also the option to track screen time or set up limits in the mobile settings.

It is advisable to consciously incorporate screen-free times and activities into everyday family life in order to be able to process the media content and to allow the body to exercise.

Always keep in touch with each other – even when it comes to media. By taking an interest in your child’s media consumption, you build trust. Then your child will also take you seriously when you express concerns about certain apps or platforms, or come to you when they encounter unpleasant things about their media use. Younger children in particular should not be left alone with media. Talk about what they saw.

Also reflect on your own behavior on social networks and follow the advice you give your child – such as not posting photos without the consent of the people in them.

Everyday life is often stressful and it is sometimes difficult to keep agreements. One is exposed to the pressure to be constantly available. Talk about this with your child as well. Be honest with yourself and show understanding for your child. It can also be helpful to look together at which agreements are going well and which are going less well!

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